Admissions process:
錄取流程：

What does the admissions process of Cornell Law consist of, and how is an application rated?
康奈爾的錄取流程組成是什么樣的，申請如何被評價(jià)？

We have always used what some schools now call “full-file review”. This means that every part of the application is reviewed and taken into consideration during our selection process. This is nothing new to us. We have always done it because our general goal is to find students who will thrive both academically and as individuals in our community. Because law school applicants come from all walks of life and have very different academic and personal backgrounds, to do anything else would not give us the background we need to make good decisions.
我們采用很多學(xué)校采用的“全材料審理”，即申請材料的每一部分都會被審核并作為選拔過程的考慮依據(jù)。這并不是新鮮的事物。我們這樣做，因?yàn)槲覀兊闹饕繕?biāo)是找出能夠在學(xué)術(shù)上和社會實(shí)踐中都發(fā)達(dá)的學(xué)生。因?yàn)榉▽W(xué)院申請者來自各行各業(yè)，且有不同的學(xué)術(shù)與個(gè)人背景，做其他的任何事情不能給我們做決定所需的背景。

Does Cornell Law have an approximate hierarchy on what is most valuable for admissions: GPA, LSAT, etc?
康奈爾法學(xué)院有錄取最重要的指標(biāo)大概的分級嗎，比如GPA，LSAT？

It’s never as simple as a number and it’s different in different situations. For example, if someone has already shown that they are a great student through their work in a rigorous academic setting, the LSAT will be less important to us. On the other hand, if someone wasn’t the greatest student when they went to college ten years ago, we’ll be more interested in other indicia of probable academic success, like success in a job, a major accomplishment, or a high-end LSAT. We’re basically looking at everything that will help us predict an applicant’s ability to thrive academically and as a member of our community.
這不像數(shù)字那樣簡單，而且在不同情況下也不一樣。比如，有的學(xué)生已經(jīng)通過嚴(yán)格的學(xué)術(shù)成就證明了他們的能力，那LSAT對我們來說，就不是那么重要了。另一方面，如果這個(gè)申請者十年前上大學(xué)的時(shí)候，不是最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，我們會對其他的學(xué)術(shù)成功的指標(biāo)更感興趣，比如在工作中的成功，一個(gè)重要的成績，或者高端的LSAT分?jǐn)?shù)?；旧?，我們尋找指標(biāo)，幫我們評估這個(gè)學(xué)生未來的學(xué)術(shù)成就和作為我們一員的資格。


Is there any advantage to applying to the early admissions program?
如果早申請的話，有什么優(yōu)勢嗎？

The main advantage is that if an applicant gets into their dream school, they can instantly stop worrying and get on with the logistics of attendance. Unlike in the undergraduate situation, there is no selection edge that goes along with applying early decision/admission.
最主要的優(yōu)勢是，如果一個(gè)申請者進(jìn)入了他的理想學(xué)校，他就能立即停止擔(dān)心，并開始準(zhǔn)備入學(xué)事宜。不像本科錄取，我們沒有早申請的額外選拔階段。

LSAT score:
LSAT分?jǐn)?shù)：
Many schools have adopted the policy of considering an applicant’s highest LSAT score when rating his or her application. What is Cornell’s view on multiple LSAT scores?
當(dāng)評價(jià)申請的時(shí)候，很多學(xué)校采取了考慮最高一次LSAT成績的政策?？的螤柺窃趺纯创啻纬煽兊哪?？


The American Bar Association, as part of its accreditation function, now asks law schools to use the highest LSAT score when computing their entering class LSAT median (and 25th/75th percentiles). This doesn’t affect how we review files, it only affects how we report to the ABA. If a person has taken the test multiple times, we look at all the scores and try to assess which is the most representative. If an applicant gives us reason to think a particular score is unreliable, we will take that into account. Remember, an LSAT score (despite appearances) is not some precise radar-like measure of an applicant’s ability to succeed in law school. It’s actually fairly mushy. Score differences of as much as 5-6 points don’t really make a big difference in the predictive validity of the test for any given individual.
美國律師協(xié)會現(xiàn)在請求法學(xué)院用最高的LSAT成績，當(dāng)他們計(jì)算LSAT中段成績的時(shí)候。這個(gè)并不影響我們的材料審核，只會影響我們給律師協(xié)會的報(bào)告。如果申請人參加了多次考試，我們會看所有成績，并試圖找出最有代表性的成績。如果申請人給我們原因使我們認(rèn)為某次分?jǐn)?shù)不可靠，我們也會把這點(diǎn)納入考慮。記住，LSAT分?jǐn)?shù)（不同于表象）不是精確衡量申請人在法學(xué)院成功能力的指標(biāo)。實(shí)際上，他相當(dāng)模糊。相差5到6分的分?jǐn)?shù)，并不是什么很大的區(qū)別。

Undergraduate GPA:
本科GPA：
How much will an upward grade trend positively influence the likelihood of admissions?
上升趨勢的本科成績對錄取成功率有多大影響？
(Laughing): a positive trend is always better than a negative one. But seriously, (and I know you may be tired of hearing this) it depends. We need to know what’s behind the trend. Was it because the applicant started taking easier or fewer classes? Was it because the applicant changed schools? Etc. Clearly if it reflects harder work, more focus, more maturity, or more facility, we’re going to view that in a positive way.
（笑）：一個(gè)上升的趨勢當(dāng)然好過一個(gè)下降的趨勢。但是，認(rèn)真地說（我知道你可能都聽煩了）看情況而定。我們需要知道這種趨勢的背后原因。是因?yàn)樯暾埲诉x了更少的課程或者更容易的課程？是因?yàn)樯暾埲宿D(zhuǎn)學(xué)了嗎？等等。無疑地，如果這個(gè)趨勢反映了更努力的工作，更專心，更成熟，或者更熟練，我們會把這個(gè)看做正面的因素。

In what situations should an applicant include an addendum to explain periods of sub-par academic performance?
在什么情況下，申請者應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一份附錄，以解釋低水平的學(xué)術(shù)表現(xiàn)的時(shí)期？
I’d recommend including one for any period of obvious underperformance that can be explained by some external factor, like sickness or some other personal circumstance.
我建議如果有任何明顯的表現(xiàn)不好的時(shí)期，都應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備相應(yīng)的解釋，說明是外部原因?qū)е碌?，比如生病或者其他的個(gè)人情況。

Applicants often wonder whether poor grades in their last semester after an early offer of admission could lead to the revoking of the offer. Can you shed some light on this matter?
申請人經(jīng)常擔(dān)心最后一學(xué)期的差成績導(dǎo)致之前的offer被收回，你可以闡述一下這個(gè)問題嗎？
We wouldn’t do that unless it involved an issue of academic integrity, like an F received because of plagiarism. In cases where we need more evidence of an ability to succeed academically or where the applicant is making the case for giving positive weight to a strong upward trend, we’ll sometimes wait on a decision until we receive more up-to-date grades. So applicants who haven’t received a decision should always provide grade updates as they become available.
我們不會這么做，除非是因?yàn)閷W(xué)術(shù)道德的問題，比如因?yàn)樽鞅椎昧艘粋€(gè)F。當(dāng)我們需要更多證據(jù)來判斷學(xué)生學(xué)術(shù)能力的情況下，或者申請者在努力爭取明顯的上升成績的時(shí)候，我們有時(shí)候會等到有最新成績的時(shí)候再做出決定。所以，沒有收到?jīng)Q定的申請人，應(yīng)該持續(xù)提供最新的成績。

Some undergraduate institutions or majors seem to be known for inflating or deflating their students’ grades. Is this possible inflation or deflation taken into consideration by the admissions committee?
一些本科學(xué)?；蛘邔I(yè)會把學(xué)生分打得很高或很低。這種抬分或者壓分的現(xiàn)象會納入錄取委員會的考慮嗎？
It’s hard to do this in a formal way. The Law School Admission Council gives us information that allows us to see a particular institution’s grading curve for graduates who have applied to law school, so we can usually get a rough imputed institutional “class rank” for applicants. However, when it comes to particular majors, we usually don’t get much hard and reliable information, unless it’s from a department whose grading curve is so out of line with the rest of the institution that its graduates would otherwise be disadvantaged.
這個(gè)很難通過正式的途徑評判。法學(xué)院錄取委員會會提供一些信息，讓我們了解到特定學(xué)校的評分曲線，這樣我們就可以大概估算申請者在這個(gè)學(xué)校的排名。但是如果具體到專業(yè)或者課程，我們通常沒有相關(guān)的可靠信息。如果某個(gè)系的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和其他學(xué)校大相徑庭，他的畢業(yè)生就有可能會被低估。

How do you evaluate the transcripts of applicants from lesser-known or lower-tier undergraduate programs? Perhaps a weighting system and/or putting more weight upon the LSAT?
你們怎么評價(jià)從稍差的學(xué)校來的申請者的成績單？會給他們的成績加權(quán)嗎或者把重心放到LSAT上？
We take every applicant on his or her own terms. Our sense is that there are strong students everywhere and our job is to identify them. As you can probably tell from my answers to the other questions, we strongly resist formulaic approaches to this kind of issue because they don’t account for the massive number of variables that can be involved in evaluating an applicant’s potential.
我們根據(jù)每個(gè)申請者自己的情況來判定。我們的常識是哪里都有很優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生，而我們的工作就是找出他們。你也可以從我對其他的問題的回答中判斷出來，我們強(qiáng)烈抵制公式化的評審，因?yàn)樗麄儾荒芸剂吭谠u價(jià)學(xué)生潛力過程中的大量變數(shù)。

Personal Statement:
個(gè)人陳述：
The personal statement seems to be the part of the application that a student can most independently influence. Can you offer students any advice regarding writing the personal statement?
個(gè)人陳述似乎是整個(gè)申請中，學(xué)生最能夠做主的部分了。你能給學(xué)生一些建議，如何寫個(gè)人陳述嗎？
I always advise students to treat the personal statement as if they were being offered a half-hour interview. You aren’t going to be able to cover everything, so pick something about yourself that you would want the interviewer to remember and that isn’t obvious from some other part of your application. Also, resist the urge to resort to contrivances that you think will help you stand out from the crowd. For example, don’t write your personal statement in rhyming couplets, or present yourself as a restaurant menu. You never want to make the reader of your application decide whether to admit you in spite of your personal statement.
我經(jīng)常建議學(xué)生把個(gè)人陳述看成是半個(gè)小時(shí)的面試。你不可能面面俱到，所以請選擇你最希望面試官記住的事情并且是你申請其他部分體現(xiàn)不出來的事情。同時(shí)，請克制采取某些你認(rèn)為能使你申請突出的手段。比如不要把你的個(gè)人陳述寫成押韻的詩詞，或者把你自己用餐館菜單的形式展現(xiàn)出來。你永遠(yuǎn)不希望錄取委員會在不考慮你個(gè)人陳述的情況下，決定是否錄取你。

How do you view personal statements that briefly mention Cornell Law, but could be sent to other schools with a few adjustments?
你怎么看待一篇個(gè)人陳述，大概提到了康奈爾法學(xué)院，但是也可以在稍作修改后發(fā)到其他學(xué)校？
I don’t have a set view on it. If it’s a good personal statement, it will be good regardless of whether it mentions our law school. The same would be true if it’s a bad personal statement.
我對這個(gè)沒有特定的觀點(diǎn)。如果是一篇好的個(gè)人陳述，不管提沒提我們學(xué)校，都是好的文章。如果是不好的文章，不管提沒提我們都是不好的。

Could an applicant significantly improve his or her chances of admission by drafting a personal statement specifically for Cornell?
申請者是否能顯著增加錄取率，如果他為康奈爾專門寫了一個(gè)個(gè)人陳述？
I don’t think so. A specific connection with our law school is not really what we’re after. We’re looking to get to know more about the person who’s applying so we can make an informed decision about his or her potential.
我不這么認(rèn)為。和學(xué)校有特定聯(lián)系，并不是我們追求的事情。我們希望能夠了解申請人的潛力，這樣我們才能做出信息充分的決定。

What is the admission committee’s view on diversity statements?
錄取委員會怎么看待多樣性陳述（Diversity Statement）？
We have offered the option for many, many years. Remember, we’ve always been a so-called “full-file-review” school and are, within reason, looking at the fullest possible range of information in making our decisions.
我們提供這一選擇很多年了。記住，我們一直被陳祚“全材料審理”的學(xué)校。由于這個(gè)原因，我們會考察盡可能多的信息，以做出決定。

Letters of Recommendation:
推薦信：
Applicants often have difficulty choosing and approaching potential recommenders. Can you offer some general advice regarding letters of recommendation?
申請人經(jīng)常在選擇和接近推薦人的時(shí)候存在困難。你能提供一些關(guān)于推薦信的大致建議嗎？
If you are still in school or are a recent graduate, get letters from teachers who know your work the best. Give them a copy of your resume, and maybe even of your transcript. They often don’t have the full context of your situation. Also be sure to give them plenty of time. If you’ve been out of school for awhile and recommendations from teachers are a challenge, try to get recommendations for people who know your work well enough to be able to relate it to your odds of success in a rigorous academic environment.
如果你還在學(xué)校或者即將畢業(yè)，請從對你的課業(yè)最了解的老師那要推薦信。給他們一份你的簡歷，甚至可以包括成績單。他們通常對你的情況沒有全盤的了解。同時(shí)，請確定給他們充足的時(shí)間。如果你已經(jīng)從學(xué)校出來很長時(shí)間，很難要到推薦信了，請從對你的工作了解足夠多的人那要推薦信，因?yàn)樗軌蛟u價(jià)你在嚴(yán)格的學(xué)術(shù)環(huán)境里的成功率。

Does the admissions committee come across letters of recommendation that actually hurt an applicant’s chances of admission? If so, what sort of letter should be avoided?
錄取委員會是否見過對申請人產(chǎn)生損害的推薦信？如果有的話，哪類推薦信是應(yīng)該避免的？
We definitely see these every year. If a recommender tells you they can’t write you a recommendation, or would prefer not to, don’t insist!!! You really wouldn’t believe what can happen.
我們每年都會見到這種推薦信。如果一個(gè)推薦人說他不能幫你寫推薦信，或者不愿意寫，不要堅(jiān)持?。?！你真的不會相信會發(fā)生什么事情。

International Law Program and Joint Degree:
Cornell puts a lot of emphasis on the strength of their international law program and also the joint J.D. and Master en Droit. What is the acceptance rate of Cornell Law School students who apply for this program and what unique opportunities are available to them?
This unique program will receive around 100 applications from U.S. applicants in a typical year. We’re able to admit 2-4, depending on the year. Acceptance requires not only a strong academic and personal background, but also fluency in French. This is because after two years at Cornell, participants in this program spend the next two years at the University of Paris I (Pantheon-Sorbonne) in French law classes. At the conclusion of the degree, participants have the academic credentials necessary to become members of the Bar in both the U.S. and in France. This is just one of the very large number of opportunities to study overseas offered by our international legal studies program.
Because Cornell Law School stresses their strength in international law, does the Cornell admissions process taken into account whether an applicant says he or she wants to do international law when applying?
It’s true that we’re known for our strength in international legal studies and comparative law, but we’re also known for the richness and breadth of our overall curriculum. Whether or not an applicant is interested in international law, we still use the same standards that we apply to every applicant.

Location:
地理位置：
What are the advantage and disadvantages to being approximately 200 miles from the major legal center in the country?
離這個(gè)國家主要的法律中心只有200英里的距離，是怎樣的優(yōu)勢和劣勢呢？
The good thing is that we’re just a 4 hour drive from NYC. The bad thing is that we’re a 4 hour drive from NYC. We have a lot of students who consider themselves “city people” and are worried about what it will be like in Ithaca. I can assure you that they have no problem adjusting. Remember, Cornell University has 19,000 students, a very large number of whom are graduate and professional students from around the world. In that kind of environment, there is always something to do and/or a group you can relate to. More importantly, our “city people” graduates routinely end up telling us that since law is essentially an urban profession, they really appreciate the opportunity they’ve had to spend several years enjoying Ithaca’s non-urban lifestyle before re-engaging urban life as a lawyer.
好處是，我們開車到紐約市只需要4個(gè)小時(shí)。壞處是我們里紐約有4個(gè)小時(shí)的車程。我們很多學(xué)生自認(rèn)為是“城里人”并且擔(dān)心伊薩卡（康奈爾大學(xué)所在城市）的情況。我可以向你保證他們沒有任何適應(yīng)的問題。記住，康奈爾有19000名學(xué)生，其中很多是從世界各地來的研究生。在這種環(huán)境下，你永遠(yuǎn)可以找到志同道合的人。更重要的是，我們的“城里人”畢業(yè)生，告訴我們由于法律行業(yè)主要是在大城市工作。他們很高興有機(jī)會能夠在伊薩卡這樣的非城市的條件下，生活數(shù)年，再返回城市并成為一名律師。

Given Ithaca’s reputation for being somewhat isolated and quiet, what does the law school do to ensure that the students have activities to participate in outside of the realm of law?
因?yàn)橐了_卡一直被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)比較孤立和安靜的城市，作為一個(gè)法學(xué)院，怎么保障學(xué)生有足夠的法學(xué)專業(yè)外的活動(dòng)參與呢？
I addressed the size and diversity of Cornell University in a previous answer. This definitely spills over to the city of Ithaca, which is constantly rated as one of the most desirable and interesting small cities in the country. So, the law school doesn’t have to do a lot to ensure that students have a life outside the walls of the law school. It happens naturally because the opportunities are there and because we admit students who will definitely take advantage of those opportunities.
我在上一個(gè)回答里提到了康奈爾的學(xué)生數(shù)量和多樣性。這明確地超過了伊薩卡這個(gè)城市的范疇。即使伊薩卡本身，也一直被評為最令人向往和感興趣的小城市。所以，法學(xué)院本身并不做太多的工作讓學(xué)生參加學(xué)業(yè)外的活動(dòng)。這些都是自然發(fā)生的事情，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生有很多機(jī)會，而且我們錄取的學(xué)生都是善于利用這些機(jī)會的人。

The law school ranking by US News:
US News法學(xué)院排名：
Since 1996, US News has ranked the Cornell Law School Program from as low as thirteenth to as high as tied for tenth with the latest ranking being twelfth in the nation (tied with Duke University). What is your opinion of the US News ranking of law schools in general and the ranking of Cornell Law School in particular? Have rankings influenced admissions decisions as a whole to become more numbers focused?
自1996年以來，US News將康納爾法學(xué)院最低排到過13名，最高排進(jìn)前10，最新的排名是12名（和Duke平齊）。你怎么看待US New的排名，以及對康奈爾的排名？這個(gè)排名是否影響了錄取決定？
I try to think of the U.S. News rankings much like I think of the LSAT score. It’s ok as a rough guide, but unfortunately, it is scored in such a way that it is viewed by applicants and others as if it had scalpel-like precision. When an applicant chooses a law school based on the fact that it is ranked one or two spots above another school that would better fit their needs, that choice is a bad thing. The U.S. News ranking is simply not that precise. I was the Dean of Admissions here before U.S. News started doing rankings, and I definitely remember feeling more flexibility to take academic risks on promising applicants who, for example, had found themselves late in life or who hadn’t had all the advantages that most of our applicants have had. The U.S. News rankings have changed that somewhat. Unfortunately, what they have influenced much more are educational decisions being made by the academic leaders of some law schools. Many Deans are now fairly unabashed about “gaming” the rankings through actions that are rankings-driven at best and ethically bankrupt at worst.
我對US News的排名和對LSAT分?jǐn)?shù)的看法類似。它可以作為一個(gè)粗略的指導(dǎo)，但不幸地，很多申請者把排名看得如同外科手術(shù)般的精準(zhǔn)。如果一個(gè)申請者選擇了一個(gè)法學(xué)院，僅因?yàn)檫@個(gè)法學(xué)院比另一個(gè)學(xué)校在排名上靠前1,2位，那么這個(gè)決定是一個(gè)很不好的決定。US News的排名沒有那么準(zhǔn)確。在US News開始排名之前，我就是錄取委員會的主任了。我清楚地記得，以前學(xué)生在選擇學(xué)術(shù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)時(shí)，更加靈活。他們中的一些在后來的生活中找到了自己，而其他一些人沒有。但是US News從某種程度上改變了這一狀況。不幸的是，他們影響更多的是，一些法學(xué)院的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作出的決定。很多主任幾乎是厚臉皮地玩排名的“游戲”，雖然他們獲得了很好的排名，但在道德上，他們一無是處。

Waitlist:
候補(bǔ)名單：
Many applicants view the waitlist as dreaded territory. At Cornell, how likely is it that a waitlist spot will turn into an offer of admission?
許多申請者將候補(bǔ)名單看做是一個(gè)令人懼怕的領(lǐng)域。在康奈爾，候補(bǔ)名單上的位置有多大可能性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎降匿浫∧兀?/em>
One thing about our waiting list that is different from most is that we offer interviews to everyone on the list. This gives us a real close-up view of the people on the list and this enriches our decision-making. For the last several years, our yield on initial offers has been very strong, which hasn’t left much room for applicants on our waiting list. This isn’t something we try to make happen, but sometimes it does. The anecdotal evidence at Cornell is that students who come in off the waiting list often do very well.
我們和其他大部分學(xué)校不同的地方是，我們會給候補(bǔ)名單上的每個(gè)人提供面試的機(jī)會。這可以讓我們和名單上的人近距離接觸，并豐富我們做決定所需的信息。在過去幾年里，接受我們錄取的人非常多，導(dǎo)致沒有多少空位給候補(bǔ)名單上的學(xué)生。這不是我們想讓他發(fā)生的事情，但確實(shí)發(fā)生了。一個(gè)軼聞或證據(jù)是，很多從候補(bǔ)名單中進(jìn)入康納爾的學(xué)生都非常優(yōu)秀。

How does Cornell view letters of continued interest (LOCI) that are sent to the admissions committee by applicants on the waitlist?
康奈爾怎么看待LOCI（候補(bǔ)名單上的申請者發(fā)給錄取委員會表明錄取意愿的信）呢？
We prefer applicants who stay active in the process. If we don’t hear from someone after they’ve been placed on our waiting list, we make an assumption that they’ve decided to attend elsewhere.
我們希望申請者在這個(gè)過程中保持活躍。如果我們很長時(shí)間沒有聽到候補(bǔ)者的反饋，我們會假設(shè)他已經(jīng)去了別的學(xué)校。

Transfer applicants:
轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)生：
What do you look for in transfer students? Is academic success in the first year of law school the only important factor?
你們怎么看待轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)的學(xué)生呢？第一年的學(xué)術(shù)成就是唯一的指標(biāo)嗎？
First year academic success and a couple of strong recommendations are the main factors. But, we’re also interested in other aspects of the applicant’s background that will make him or her a valuable member of the community.
第一年的學(xué)術(shù)成就和幾封強(qiáng)有力的推薦信是主要指標(biāo)。但是，我們也對申請人的其他背景感興趣，只要這些背景能使他成為我們有價(jià)值的一員。

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