ACT考試,在句子規(guī)范中常犯的錯(cuò)誤有哪些呢?這是很多小伙伴們都比較關(guān)心的話題,接下來跟學(xué)校百科網(wǎng)(https://www.zhixiao1.cn/liuxue/)小編來詳細(xì)了解一下吧。
句型錯(cuò)誤、不完整
句型與完整度出現(xiàn)問題,通常這樣的句子是不符合寫作基本規(guī)范的,即一句話中有且只有一套主干成分。
例如:Scientists report no human deaths due to excessive caffeine consumption. Although caffeine does cause convulsions and death in certain animals.
第二個(gè)句子是以 Although 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,不能構(gòu)成獨(dú)立的句子,所以需要把 Although 改為 although,其前面的句號(hào)改為逗號(hào)。
平行結(jié)構(gòu)混亂
平行結(jié)構(gòu)是指一句話中如果有兩個(gè)及以上地位平等的內(nèi)容,寫作時(shí)要確保其語法結(jié)構(gòu)一致。
例如:The candidate’s goals include winning the election, a national health program, and the educational system.
例句介紹了候選人的三個(gè)目標(biāo):winning the election、a national health program 和 the educational system,三者地位平等,但結(jié)構(gòu)上并沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)平行。
第一個(gè)是動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu),后兩個(gè)都是名詞性結(jié)構(gòu),前后不對(duì)稱。其中一種改法是將三個(gè)平行成分都改為動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一:The candidate’s goals include winning the election, enacting a national health program, and improving the educational system. 當(dāng)然都改成名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)也未嘗不可,只要符合平行結(jié)構(gòu)要求,都可以接受。
流水句過多
流水句通常則指句子中出現(xiàn)重復(fù)主干成分,與上面的不完整截然相反。比較常見的情況是用逗號(hào)直接連接兩個(gè)句子。
例如:In 1952 Japan's gross national product was one third that of France, by the late 1970s it was larger than the GNPs of France and Britain combined.
不難看出,例句出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)主干:Japan's gross national product was 和 it was,形成了流水局。但改正的方法相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單,只要改變標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),將逗號(hào)改為分號(hào)或者句號(hào),也可以根據(jù)原意在后句前面加上連接詞 but,表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。巧妙地使用連接詞for、and、nor、or、yet 和 so(用有趣的方法記住這些連接詞fanboys,即詞首字母縮寫)將大有裨益。
表達(dá)冗余
嚴(yán)格來說,表達(dá)冗余并不屬于語法錯(cuò)誤,而屬于語言有待優(yōu)化的層面,消除冗余表達(dá)的目標(biāo)是句中沒有多余內(nèi)容。但這一點(diǎn)很難界定,學(xué)術(shù)界也沒有定論,但可以遵循這樣一個(gè)原則,即在保證原意的前提下,用詞越少越好。
例如:This is the only road leading to affluence and prosperity.
例句中 road 本身就有通向、導(dǎo)向的含義,和下文的 leading to 含義重復(fù),構(gòu)成冗余表達(dá)??梢詫⑵涓臑椋篢his is the only road to affluence and prosperity。關(guān)于句子簡(jiǎn)明性,William Strunk Jr. 在其名作《風(fēng)格的要素》(The Elements of Style)中做了精彩論述:
Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that he make every word tell.【留學(xué) https://www.zhixiao1.cn/liuxue/】
一致性錯(cuò)誤
關(guān)于一致性錯(cuò)誤經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在人稱(person)、數(shù)(number)、語氣(mood)、語態(tài)(voice)和時(shí)態(tài)(tense)的不統(tǒng)一。
例如:An important thing for one to remember is that when writing a paper, you should not plagiarize.
例句錯(cuò)在人稱不一致:前半句用 one,后半句變?yōu)?you,需要統(tǒng)一調(diào)整為 you 或者 one。除了人稱,考生最常犯的一致性錯(cuò)誤是名詞的數(shù)和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的不統(tǒng)一,尤其需要注意。
以上就是學(xué)校百科網(wǎng)的小編對(duì)ACT考試在句子規(guī)范中常犯的錯(cuò)誤有哪些以及ACT考試在句子規(guī)范中常犯的錯(cuò)誤有哪些的詳細(xì)介紹與分解,相信大家看完之后都已經(jīng)對(duì)這方面有了更詳細(xì)的認(rèn)識(shí)與了解。