我們參加一門考試可以說(shuō)就是為了成績(jī),因?yàn)槌煽?jī)是最直觀檢驗(yàn)我們水平的一項(xiàng)數(shù)字。在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試中也是如此,既然參加了肯定想要考出一個(gè)好的分?jǐn)?shù),這樣也能對(duì)得起自己的努力付出。但是,也還是有很多的小伙伴雖然很認(rèn)真的準(zhǔn)備了,可成績(jī)還是不理想,就像很多考生在托??谡Z(yǔ)中只考了19分,這個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)是非常不滿意的, 那么如果我們考到了19分還達(dá)不到自己想要的分?jǐn)?shù)如何去提高呢,別擔(dān)心,跟著小編一起往下看,你一定會(huì)找到答案的。
一、托??谡Z(yǔ)19分怎么提高
時(shí)間安排
⊙時(shí)間:16天,一天5~6小時(shí)
⊙材料:黃金口語(yǔ)80題、TPO、新概念
⊙策略:內(nèi)容>流利程度>語(yǔ)調(diào)>語(yǔ)音
1.語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)
語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)的訓(xùn)練還是很有必要的。語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)的訓(xùn)練分為兩個(gè)層次。第一個(gè)層次首先單個(gè)音標(biāo)要讀的對(duì),讀的正確。第二個(gè)層次學(xué)會(huì)處理一句話中輕重緩急。
先說(shuō)如何達(dá)到第一個(gè)層次的目標(biāo)。如果你的語(yǔ)音有瑕疵,比如有一些音標(biāo)很多中國(guó)學(xué)生都讀不準(zhǔn),而有些音標(biāo)的誤讀是會(huì)造成聽者的誤解的,比如元音的?讀成e ,had 就變成了head, bad就變成了bed,把ⅰ讀成?。? 也就是如果你把中間的元音讀成長(zhǎng)音的話,gym 就變成了一個(gè)不存在的英文字。或者舌側(cè)音l很少有中國(guó)學(xué)生能發(fā)對(duì),很多人把這個(gè)音讀成o, 所以milk就變成了miok,或者有的人不會(huì)讀就根本不讀這個(gè)音標(biāo),所以world就變成了word。
如果你是個(gè)別音標(biāo)讀不對(duì),推薦給大家一個(gè)免費(fèi)的資源。在土豆或者優(yōu)酷上有一個(gè)美國(guó)大叔的一系列糾音視頻分為很多集??梢杂谩癆merican Pronunciation Workshop”這么幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵字進(jìn)行搜索,每一集針對(duì)幾個(gè)音標(biāo),每個(gè)音標(biāo)有詳細(xì)的發(fā)音規(guī)則介紹包括舌位,唇形。后面還有大叔真人的演示示范,再后面還有相關(guān)練習(xí),非常詳實(shí),大家可以參考下。
如果你的語(yǔ)音沒(méi)有瑕疵,或者通過(guò)第一個(gè)層次的糾音訓(xùn)練已經(jīng)克服了。你就可以進(jìn)入第二個(gè)層次訓(xùn)練,如何學(xué)會(huì)用語(yǔ)調(diào)重音去傳達(dá)意思,最好就是做跟讀模仿練習(xí),試想你再學(xué)中文的朗誦時(shí),不也是借鑒了很多大師他們處理文章的方法再去模仿,才會(huì)讀得越來(lái)越生動(dòng),越來(lái)越會(huì)用聲音表情達(dá)意嗎?并且做跟讀模仿練習(xí)的材料如果語(yǔ)速較快也會(huì)幫助你提升你的語(yǔ)音流利度。在前文已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)流利度是很重要的,會(huì)極大的影響評(píng)分人員。當(dāng)然回答不流暢可能是由于無(wú)話可說(shuō)的情況造成,但不排除一部分同學(xué)在有話可說(shuō)的情況下也表述不流暢。這里的問(wèn)題就在于語(yǔ)音拖了你流利度的后腿。這是因?yàn)楹芏嗤瑢W(xué)平時(shí)疏于練習(xí),口腔肌肉就不適應(yīng)說(shuō)英文,考試說(shuō)英文時(shí)就會(huì)打磕巴,比如有同學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)sub-sub-subject.這不是因?yàn)樗o張,而是口腔肌肉缺乏訓(xùn)練,不適應(yīng)有些發(fā)音組合的后果。
2.答題思路
Task1Task2:短時(shí)間內(nèi)組織內(nèi)容的能力
Task1:是描述題。
要從人物類(persons),物品類(objects),地點(diǎn)類(places),事件類(events) 著手,每一類準(zhǔn)備5-10篇左右,自己用錄音軟件倒計(jì)時(shí)45秒進(jìn)行練習(xí),聲音要洪亮。爭(zhēng)取每次在清晰度、流利度、構(gòu)思表達(dá)等方面都有所超越。
Task2: 是選擇題。屬闡述觀點(diǎn)題。
多數(shù)為學(xué)習(xí)和生活類話題,通常是兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn),選擇一個(gè),并需要有足夠的理由支持它,為什么選它??梢哉嫒c(diǎn)論述,也可以兩正一反論述。
重點(diǎn):要用有說(shuō)服力的內(nèi)容來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn)。
Task3Task4 Task5Task6:聽、讀、歸納總結(jié)能力
Task3和Task4是讀-聽-說(shuō)結(jié)合題,即考察說(shuō)的能力,又考察讀和聽的能力。
Task5和Task6是聽-說(shuō)結(jié)合題,主要是考察對(duì)聽力的理解和復(fù)述能力。
要做一個(gè)忠實(shí)的傳話筒:首先不要能做意思上的改動(dòng),問(wèn)什么答什么,不要管無(wú)關(guān)緊要的干擾信息,并把自己的語(yǔ)言精練在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)把意思表達(dá)清楚。
在Task3-6的答題過(guò)程中,大家通常會(huì)有兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:
1)記錄不全,說(shuō)不到1分鐘就沒(méi)話了;
2)記錄太多,1分鐘說(shuō)不完。
針對(duì)第一種情況:
提高讀和聽的能力,爭(zhēng)取收集最全的信息點(diǎn)。
針對(duì)第二種情況:
學(xué)會(huì)刪減沒(méi)有必要的信息,只留下有用的信息。
無(wú)論是哪種情況,對(duì)關(guān)鍵信息的記錄至關(guān)重要。
關(guān)于記筆記,請(qǐng)參考:托福聽力14分到28分華麗蛻變的秘密-高效記筆記!
3.如何舉例
說(shuō)到舉例,大家都知道例子的重要性,如果沒(méi)有例子,那就是大白話一篇了,美國(guó)人喜歡有論據(jù)支持你的論點(diǎn),這樣他才會(huì)覺得真實(shí)可信。
例子一定是具體的例子,不能是泛泛的。例如,一個(gè)托福口語(yǔ)話題是“介紹你喜歡的體育活動(dòng)”
有些考生就會(huì)說(shuō):“我喜歡游泳。如果多游泳,就會(huì)得到鍛煉,就會(huì)強(qiáng)身健體”。這能算作例子嗎?頂多只能歸為說(shuō)理論證,這在托??谡Z(yǔ)考試?yán)锩媸且环N非常不討巧的做法。理由是。所提供的內(nèi)容是游泳所帶來(lái)的好處,較為寬泛,并不能給考官留下深刻的印象。
那怎樣才是正確的舉例呢?例如,去年暑假,我留在學(xué)校沒(méi)回家,和室友Jack約好每天晚上去學(xué)校的游泳池游泳(此處故事情節(jié)描述不應(yīng)該過(guò)多)。堅(jiān)持了一個(gè)月后,雖然皮膚曬得黝黑,但是整個(gè)人心情非常舒暢,開學(xué)后學(xué)習(xí)效率也提高了(這個(gè)是游泳帶來(lái)的結(jié)果、好處)。這樣的一個(gè)例子就非常具體,很有畫面感。
二、托福口語(yǔ)如何才能說(shuō)得更地道
1.學(xué)會(huì)美國(guó)人的描述方式
從描述上來(lái)講,由于中美的文化不同會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大的差異。我們描述東西無(wú)外乎把它放在時(shí)間和空間兩個(gè)坐標(biāo)上去描述。美國(guó)人對(duì)空間的描述總是由內(nèi)及外,由里及表。中國(guó)人正好相反,從時(shí)間上來(lái)說(shuō),中國(guó)人是按自然的時(shí)間順序來(lái)描述。我們描述一個(gè)東西突然停住時(shí),往往最后說(shuō)的那個(gè)地方是最重要的。美國(guó)人在時(shí)間的描述上先把最重要的東西說(shuō)出來(lái),然后再說(shuō)陪襯的東西。只有發(fā)生悲劇性的事件,美國(guó)人才在前面加上鋪墊。
2.必須具有一定的推測(cè)能力
為什么美國(guó)人和美國(guó)人、中國(guó)人和中國(guó)人之間交流很少產(chǎn)生歧義?就是因?yàn)樗覀冎g能“猜測(cè)”。在交流中,有一個(gè)詞你沒(méi)有聽懂,你不可能馬上去查字典,這時(shí)候就需要猜測(cè)來(lái)架起一座橋梁來(lái)彌補(bǔ)這個(gè)缺口,否則交流就會(huì)中斷。中國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)口語(yǔ)講究背誦,背句型、背語(yǔ)調(diào),結(jié)果就是很多人講口語(yǔ)的時(shí)候講著講著眼就開始向上翻,實(shí)際上是在記憶中尋找曾經(jīng)背過(guò)的東西。如果他要是能猜測(cè)的話,我們認(rèn)為也就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象。
3.知道如何用英文簡(jiǎn)單界定事物
美國(guó)人和美國(guó)人交談80%是想告訴對(duì)方這個(gè)事物是什么。我們的課本盡管詞匯難度不斷加深,但思維邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)卻只停留在一個(gè)水平上。中國(guó)人常說(shuō)Where is the book (這本書在哪兒)?很少有人說(shuō)What is a book (書是什么)?而美國(guó)的小學(xué)生就開始問(wèn):what is the book?這種Where is the book 只是思維的描述階段。但是我們想連大學(xué)生也很難回答What is a book?因?yàn)橹袊?guó)傳統(tǒng)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)模式?jīng)]有教會(huì)學(xué)生表達(dá)思想的技巧。
4.用不同方式解釋同一事物
如果已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)界定,但理解還有偏差,那就要訓(xùn)練How to explain things in different ways(用不同的方式解釋同一事物)。一種表達(dá)式對(duì)方不懂,美國(guó)人會(huì)尋找另一種表達(dá)式最終讓對(duì)方明白。因?yàn)槭挛锞鸵粋€(gè),但表達(dá)它的語(yǔ)言符號(hào)可能會(huì)很多。這就要多做替換練習(xí)。傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方法也做替換練習(xí),但這種替換不是真替換,只是語(yǔ)言層面的替換,而不是思維層面的替換,也就是說(shuō)用一種不同的方式表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思,或者一個(gè)表達(dá)式對(duì)方聽不清楚,舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單易懂的例子來(lái)表達(dá),直到對(duì)方明白。
5.學(xué)會(huì)常用的美國(guó)習(xí)語(yǔ)
不容易學(xué)、易造成理解困惑的東西就是“習(xí)語(yǔ)”。比如北京人說(shuō)蓋了帽兒了,外國(guó)人很難理解,這就是習(xí)語(yǔ)。所以和美國(guó)人交流時(shí),能適當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用美國(guó)習(xí)語(yǔ),他馬上就會(huì)覺得很親切,也很愛和你交流。那么什么是習(xí)語(yǔ)?就是每個(gè)單詞你都認(rèn)識(shí),但把它我們組合在一起,你就不知道是什么意思了。
6.具備中英語(yǔ)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換能力
這是衡量口語(yǔ)水平的一個(gè)最重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因?yàn)橛⒄Z(yǔ)不是我們的母語(yǔ),我們天生就有自己的母語(yǔ)。很多人都認(rèn)為學(xué)好外語(yǔ)必須丟掉自己的母語(yǔ),這是不對(duì)的
三、提高托??谡Z(yǔ)連貫性的六個(gè)方法
1. 運(yùn)用總分總的結(jié)構(gòu)
Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:
Introductory statement
Point 1
Point 2
Point 3
Concluding statement
An example of this pattern is shown below:
Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.
1. way of obtaining specimens
2. spares can be released into the wild
3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators
The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.
2. 運(yùn)用連接詞
Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.
These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:
In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.
3. 解釋或定義陌生概念
In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:
My hobby is telemark skiing.
If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:
That means skiing using telemark skis.
Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:
1. State the word or phrase to be defined.
2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.
3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.
Read this example of an effective definition:
Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at
the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.
4. 正確使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)
Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:
My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.
The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.
5. 對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換或同義轉(zhuǎn)換
When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.
This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.
The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.
6. 時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)量的統(tǒng)一
Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:
My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.
The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.
四、托??谡Z(yǔ)怎么快速提高呢
相信參加托??谡Z(yǔ)考試的小伙伴都非常想要提高自己的口語(yǔ)水平,我們的托??谡Z(yǔ)考試形式是人機(jī)對(duì)話,如果我們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上找一個(gè)專業(yè)的外教進(jìn)行練習(xí),對(duì)于我們的托??谡Z(yǔ)肯定有幫助。小編想要分享一下我在用的app:學(xué)校百科,這個(gè)APP可以隨時(shí)和世界各地的Native Speaker進(jìn)行一對(duì)一的口語(yǔ)對(duì)練,里面有很多專業(yè)的托福外教可以選擇。用這款A(yù)PP練習(xí)托??谡Z(yǔ),和外教都能流利對(duì)話的話,托??荚嚳隙ǜ磫?wèn)題了。
不過(guò)大家在跟外國(guó)人練習(xí)托??谡Z(yǔ)的時(shí)候,我有2個(gè)建議:1是提前準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)話題,帶著話題去跟他們練習(xí)能讓你學(xué)到很多地道的表達(dá);2.是不一定非要選擇歐美的老外,像有些南非、菲律賓的也很專業(yè),練習(xí)口語(yǔ)也不錯(cuò)。
好的,那么這就是學(xué)校百科網(wǎng)給大家分享的托??谡Z(yǔ)19分怎么提高 托??谡Z(yǔ)如何才能說(shuō)得更地道,希望大家看完這篇由小編精心整理的內(nèi)容后,能對(duì)相關(guān)知識(shí)有所了解,解決你的疑惑!查看更多托福相關(guān)文章請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)學(xué)校百科網(wǎng)