相信大家在平時(shí)的每一類(lèi)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言考試中對(duì)英語(yǔ)的試卷特點(diǎn)的理解就是題型多，頁(yè)面長(zhǎng)。那我們今天以托福試題來(lái)做個(gè)參考，托福的題型主要有四大題型，聽(tīng)說(shuō)口寫(xiě)這四個(gè)方面，而每個(gè)方面的題型還有一些小的題目，尤其注意到的是托福寫(xiě)作，托福寫(xiě)作分綜合于獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，很多考生偏愛(ài)的是獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作，所以對(duì)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題型介紹特別關(guān)注。那么小編今天就來(lái)為大家講解一些關(guān)于托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作方面的內(nèi)容吧。

一、托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題型介紹

獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作

與綜合寫(xiě)作不同，獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作要求考生就某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)提出自己的看法，并進(jìn)行充分的論證。下面筆者來(lái)具體分析這一題型。

命題形式

獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的命題形式一般為“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement …”(你是否同意下面的論斷……)，要求考生對(duì)題目給出的論斷表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后寫(xiě)出具體的理由和細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，寫(xiě)作的字?jǐn)?shù)是300詞以上，考試時(shí)間為30分鐘。題目給出的論斷主要涉及以下十大類(lèi)的話(huà)題。

成功類(lèi)話(huà)題：In order to achieve success, we must be more like others than be different from others.

工作類(lèi)話(huà)題：People should take a secure job immediately when finding one instead of waiting for the job that they find more satisfying.

金錢(qián)類(lèi)話(huà)題：Most businesspeople are motivated by the desire for money.

科技類(lèi)話(huà)題：Telephone has had greater effects on people’s lives than TV.

教育類(lèi)話(huà)題：To improve the quality of education, universities should spend more money on professors’ salaries.

朋友類(lèi)話(huà)題：Getting advice from friends who are older than you is better than getting advice from friends who are of the same age as yours.

環(huán)境類(lèi)話(huà)題：Most of the environmental issues are too complicated today. Individuals cannot do anything about them.

政府類(lèi)話(huà)題：The most important thing that the government can do in improving health care is to clean the environment.

媒體類(lèi)話(huà)題：Advertising is a waste of time and money because customers already know what they want.

動(dòng)物類(lèi)話(huà)題：More and more people are spending money on their pets, even though there can be other good ways to spend money.

命題規(guī)律

既然托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目允許考生選擇“同意”或是“不同意”，也就意味著寫(xiě)作題目通常具有“爭(zhēng)議性”這一基本特征，考生可以選擇自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)自己的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證。此外，有些獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目有很顯著的特征，筆者總結(jié)了以下三類(lèi)，并為這三類(lèi)考題提供一點(diǎn)寫(xiě)作小技巧。

第一，某些獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目會(huì)含有“should/should not”這一關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)于這一類(lèi)題目，考生既可以選擇“同意”，也可以選擇“不同意”。2010年8月14日的題目就是如此：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time jobs when they study in university.”對(duì)于此類(lèi)題目，考生寫(xiě)作時(shí)可以以句式“Whether … or has been a controversial issue”開(kāi)頭。例如，針對(duì)上面這道題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)道：“Whether students should take part-time jobs or not has been a controversial issue when they study in university.”

第二，有些獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目含有“all”“most”“best”這類(lèi)表示絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的詞，對(duì)于這些含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的題目，筆者建議考生還是選擇“不同意”為好。理由很簡(jiǎn)單，這些題目從邏輯上講無(wú)一例外都夸大了某一個(gè)要素的重要性，否認(rèn)了其他要素的影響，看問(wèn)題只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林。例如，2010年5月8日的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目為：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach children responsibility is to have them care for animals.”對(duì)于此類(lèi)題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭段或結(jié)尾部分以這樣的句式亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)：“This argument exaggerates the importance of A and deny the significance of other factors such as B, C, and D which can also contribute to sth./sb.”

第三，還有一類(lèi)題目則是將事物A和事物B作比較，含有“… better/more … than …”等詞。例如，2010年6月13日的題目：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to spend money on pleasant things such as vacations than to save money for the future.”對(duì)于這一類(lèi)題目，筆者通常建議考生以這樣的方式開(kāi)頭：“Although A/B has some benefits for …, I still hold a firm belief that B/A will exert more significant influence on …”

二、托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作5分

An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

Effectively addresses the topic and task

Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplification, and/or details

Displays unity, progression, and coherence

Displays consistent facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and idiomaticity, though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors

托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作4分

An essay at this level largely accomplishes all of the following:

Effectively addresses the topic and task well, though some points may not be fully elaborated

Is well generally organized and well developed, using appropriate and sufficient explanations, exemplification, and/or details

Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though it may contain occasional redundancy, digression or unclear connections

Displays facility in the use of language, demonstrating syntactic variety, appropriate word choice, and range of vocabulary, though it may have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning.

托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作3分

An essay at this level is marked by one or more of the following:

Addresses the topic and task well using somewhat developed explanations, exemplification, and/or details

Displays unity, progression, and coherence, though connections of ideas may be occasionally obscured

May demonstrate inconsistent facility in sentence formation and word choice that may result in lack of clarity and occasionally obscure meaning.

May display accurate but limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary

三、托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作命題規(guī)律

托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作命題規(guī)律一：

某些獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目會(huì)含有“should/should not”這一關(guān)鍵詞，對(duì)于這一類(lèi)題目，考生既可以選擇“同意”，也可以選擇“不同意”。2010年8月14日的題目就是如此：“Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement? Students should not take part-time jobs when they study in university.”對(duì)于此類(lèi)題目，考生寫(xiě)作時(shí)可以以句式“Whether … or has been acontroversial issue”開(kāi)頭。

例如，針對(duì)上面這道題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)道：“Whether students should take part-time jobs or not has been a controversial issue when they study in university.”

托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作命題規(guī)律二：

有些托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目含有“all”“most”“best”這類(lèi)表示絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的詞，對(duì)于這些含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的題目，建議考生還是選擇“不同意”為好。理由很簡(jiǎn)單，這些題目從邏輯上講無(wú)一例外都夸大了某一個(gè)要素的重要性，否認(rèn)了其他要素的影響，看問(wèn)題只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木不見(jiàn)森林。例如，2010年5月8日的獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目為：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach children responsibility is to have them care for animals.”

對(duì)于此類(lèi)題目，考生可以在開(kāi)頭段或結(jié)尾部分以這樣的句式亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)：“This argument exaggerates the importance of A and deny the significance of other factors such as B, C, and D which can also contribute to sth./sb.”

托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作命題規(guī)律三：

還有一類(lèi)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題目則是將事物A和事物B作比較，含有“… better/more … than …”等詞。例如，2010年6月13日的題目：“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s better to spend money on pleasant things such as vacations than to save money for the future.”

以上就是小編整理的托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作題型介紹 托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)全部?jī)?nèi)容了，歡迎大家留言討論。訪(fǎng)問(wèn)學(xué)校百科網(wǎng)了解更多托福相關(guān)話(huà)題