申請出國留學,PS都寫些什么?1、什么是個人陳述(personal statement)?
個人陳述,顧名思義就是陳述有關個人的經(jīng)歷、能力、想法的說明。個人陳述并不是個人簡歷的簡單補充,除了描述自己曾做過什么,也需要說出自己對于申請專業(yè)或者相關領域的想法。本科的PS不能超過4000個字符,研究生盡量在兩頁以內(nèi),部分院校要求500字左右。
簡而言之,個人陳述就是把你是一個什么樣的人展示給學校。
2、個人陳述是給誰看的?
個人陳述主要是給學校招生人員看的。而當堆積如山的申請放在面前的時候,什么樣的學生會更有機會?
當然是有亮點、有想法的學生更容易被關注。誠懇的個人陳述也更容易獲得肯定。
3、個人陳述要怎么寫?
個人陳述包含的內(nèi)容
盡管要針對申請的不同的學校有不同側(cè)重,但是無論申請什么學校,當中一定要包含這些內(nèi)容:
1、個人的學術背景、研究興趣的方向。
2、描述想要研究的方向。
3、陳述未來的事業(yè)發(fā)展方向和目標。
4、以前的經(jīng)歷如何幫到你學習這個專業(yè)。
5、申請的課程如何能幫助到你以后的發(fā)展。
如果你的本科和研究生的方向不同,描述:
1、你轉(zhuǎn)學科的原因
2、想要讀該學科的原因
3、你能給這個學科帶來什么新的想法
這些都是尤其重要的信息。
用事實論據(jù)支持論述
而對于自己經(jīng)歷和成就的論述,每一個點都最好有論據(jù)。
比如說,領導力可能通過你領導團隊的經(jīng)歷說明;
商業(yè)意識要通過策劃書比賽獲獎,或者自己做的產(chǎn)品在市場上收到認可來說明;
計算機編程能力可以通過你以前工作或?qū)嵙曋芯幍某绦蛘f明。
語言要求
語言方面,千萬不要覺得只有復雜的從句能展現(xiàn)你的語言功底。個人陳述中,順暢簡潔地表達才是首選。不要漫談,讓每一句話都有作用。
4、寫個人陳述之前,你需要做些什么?
首先,認真研讀你申請的學科的招生要求,逐條對照。
其次,梳理自身的學術背景、日后就業(yè)方向,以及這個專業(yè)和你日后就業(yè)方向的匹配度。
然后,整理出你想要讀這個專業(yè)的原因(如,對日后發(fā)展的用處,或者自己感興趣的研究方向)。
最后,開始整理思路,下筆寫個人陳述。
給以一個我以前放在網(wǎng)上的關于PS的短文,也許可以供你參考:
什么是PS——PS就是Personal Statement。顧名思義就是個人陳述
一、 PS的注意事項
1.PS切忌套用模板,好的PS是千錘百煉的結(jié)果,是自己的思想或成就的結(jié)晶。初稿時可以借鑒他人的一些元素或經(jīng)驗,但是最終的PS應該是“自己的”——必須具有自己的特點。
2.要注意PS與其他材料的配合,比如推薦信,CV等,PS也要有所突出和重點,不需要面面俱到。
3.最好不要有表達上的問題,自己要用自己拿手的有把握單詞和句式,千萬不要因為想多樣性,而去多樣性。
4.一定要按照學校的要求來寫PS,比如字數(shù)要求等。所以在網(wǎng)申提交PS時一定要看清學校的要求,不要答非所問。PS的字數(shù)不要超過學校的字數(shù)要求,也不要寫得太少。
二、PS作用與目的
出國留學PS在整個的申請過程中的作用是不容置疑的,好的PS可以吸引教授的眼球,可以彌補一些其他方面(比如GT)的瑕疵。因為在國外,教授的權利還是比較大的,大部分學校都是如此。所以能讓一個教授看上你,你就會很有希望。所以我們寫PS的一個主要目的就是要全面的展現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)勢并吸引住教授(最好的PS是可以讓教授親自去聯(lián)系你)。
三、PS如何寫好
PS要寫好,難度很大,想好解釋好如何寫PS難度也不小,從宏觀上說,有兩個方面,一方面是內(nèi)容,另一方面是表達。內(nèi)容怎么樣才算是好呢?其實答案不唯一,我個人覺得內(nèi)容要跟著自己的目的走。有的放矢,假設自己PS的讀者,我覺得可以把讀者局限到自己想套的教授的范圍內(nèi),要想方設法讓教授眼前一亮,不過說得容易,做起來很難。表達是另一個難關,特別是對于我們習慣了中文思維的同學更是如此。所以要想寫出好的PS,如何表達,語言關是一定要過的。
四、PS的開篇
PS的開頭與幾種套路,所謂萬事開頭難,PS也是這樣,在寫的時候是煞費苦心,不知道怎么個寫法,幾種還不錯的開頭方法。
1.可以先介紹一下背景型
這樣的方法最為普通,也是最容易上手的一種方法。一開始先介紹下自己的學校和專業(yè),自己的人生理想,自己的人生目標,自己對將來的打算,或者用一句話來表達自己對學校的喜愛等。這樣的開頭感覺還是手很順,因為都是想想就可以寫出來,很適合初稿的寫作,這樣的開頭也能使國外教授一開始就能對你有個大致的了解。教授一天要看很多份材料,不可能都很細心,將自己的背景一開始就和盤托出,可以使老美省力不少,其看后面的段落時心理會更有條理。
2.有的學校喜歡有明確的目的
這也是一種不錯的開頭方法,有點類似于寫文章里舉例子的開頭,可以回憶一件自己小時候的事(我們寫作文好像經(jīng)常這么干),然后通過這件事來引出想出國的原因。比如小時候根本就不想出國,但是后來長大了,了解的事物多了,感覺到世界真是大呀,自己的同學出了國,和自己說了很多貴國的事,使得自己也對貴國充滿了好奇…等等,一開始就讓教授知道你出國的目的,開篇坦誠,也是國外教授喜歡的。
最后,提醒一點:千萬不要去套用什么“模板”或在別人的PS上修修改改,這樣的PS是太容易被Cancell了!
供你參考、祝你順利!出國留學申請的文書(PS, CV, WS等)怎么寫?PS就是個人陳述或說明,要說出你到底喜不喜歡這個專業(yè)、喜歡到什么程度、對未來有什么設想,去讀研究生、博士一定要談對這一領域的看法,說出自己對它的熱愛。
要注意的有:
1、PS的長度要適中,600到800英文單詞。
2、緊扣專業(yè),主線明確,避免盲目個性化。讓招生委員會知道你選擇該專業(yè)的明確和強烈的動機,同時具備充分的條件完成該專業(yè)的學習。
3、結(jié)構簡單,銜接緊密,主線明確,便于理解。謹記:simpleisthebest。
4、精心安排PS和其它文件的關系。PS,推薦信,簡歷等文件構成一整套申請文書,既需要相互應證,也需要這些文件各有側(cè)重點。
5、語言表達上,英語要地道、符合英語的思維習慣和文風,避免“中式英語。
推薦信在申請材料中也是很重要的,是從熟悉申請者的第三者的角度對于申請者進行評論。對于研究類課程的申請,尤其是PhD的申請,三封推薦信中應該至少有兩封學術推薦,即要有兩個教授或老師推薦,推薦內(nèi)容主要在你的學術能力和研究能力,并顧及課外活動和社會活動。選擇推薦人時要遵循熟悉、專業(yè)兩大原則。
個人簡歷一般要簡明扼要,如果有很多的工作背景或研究背景的話,建議不要超過2頁。一般包括以下內(nèi)容:個人信息:姓名,性別,出生日期和地點,郵寄地址,聯(lián)系E-MAIL,電話。
目標:哪所大學,什么專業(yè)及學位,個人目標是什么。
教育背景:就讀時間,學校名稱,專業(yè),學歷學位,GPA,排名;工作實習:簡要介紹工作實習時間,單位,具體工作或?qū)嵙晝?nèi)容;所獲得的獎項;英語及綜合能力。工科轉(zhuǎn)商科留學研究生申請個人陳述PS,personal statement。帖子看到回復如下:
1、對你的愿望表示理解,但是你要知道:申請加拿大學生簽證是一個很復雜的系統(tǒng)工程——合理確定學習計劃、按照學習計劃準備好具有十二個月以上銀行歷史的擔保資金、按照合理的《Study Plan》去選擇學校、依照學校要求準備各種申請材料、學校錄取后準備申請簽證的材料(申請材料平均為二十種左右)
2、老實告訴你:申請Offer是比較簡單的,而像你這樣的情況——這樣的年紀、這樣的經(jīng)歷、毫無從商的基礎,不去就讀你原來的專業(yè)而去攻讀讀Globai MBA——并不能夠被簽證官認為是合理的?。?!所以,將來的簽證才是更難的“關口”;
3、如果你連最最簡單的PS也感到困難甚至于束手無策,那么準備DIY只能夠認為是一種美好而難以實現(xiàn)的愿望;
4、“借鑒”PS——是一件非常忌諱的事情。要說“模版”,我的電腦里有不計其數(shù)的“模版”,但是不會給你的。我這里把以前給向我要“模版”學生的回復貼給你,供你參考:
什么是PS——PS就是Personal Statement。顧名思義就是“個人陳述”
一、 PS的注意事項
1、一定要按照學校的要求來寫PS——比如字數(shù)和和內(nèi)容等要求。所以在提交PS時一定要看清學校的要求,不要答非所問。尤其是在網(wǎng)申的時候PS的字數(shù)千萬不能超過學校的字數(shù)要求!當然也不能夠?qū)懙锰?、太干癟。
2、撰寫PS,切忌套用模板,好的PS是需要千錘百煉——那是自己的思想或成就的結(jié)晶。初稿時不排除借鑒一些格式或他人的元素或經(jīng)驗,但是最終寫成的PS則應該完全是自己的——必須具有自己的特點、閃耀自己的光彩。
3、要注意PS與其他材料的呼應以及“一致性”,比如推薦信、Resume或CV以及DV等、不要出現(xiàn)《推薦信》中老師說你“溝通能力很強、很有親和力”而你自己的PS中卻說:“我是一個內(nèi)向而謙虛的學生”;
4、撰寫PS要有所突出、有所重點、有取有舍,不需要也不可能“面面俱到”。
5、優(yōu)秀的PS是不應該存在表述上的問題的。所以必須以有把握單詞和句式進行敘述,千萬不要為了追求所謂的“多樣性”或“標新立異”,而去搞怪去用那些詞不達意或難以理解的詞句或句式!
二、PS作用與目的
出國留學PS在整個的申請過程中的作用是不容置疑的,好的PS可以吸引教授的眼球,可以彌補一些其他方面(比如G/T)的瑕疵。因為在國外,教授的權利還是比較大的,大部分學校都是如此。所以能讓一個教授看上你,你就會很有希望。所以我們寫PS的一個主要目的就是要全面的展現(xiàn)自己的優(yōu)勢并吸引住教授(最好的PS是可以讓教授親自去聯(lián)系你)。
三、PS如何寫好
要把PS寫得好,難度確實不小。然而要我用文字表述或解釋好“如何寫PS”難度同樣不小——從宏觀上說,有兩個方面,一方面是內(nèi)容,另一方面是表達。內(nèi)容怎么樣才算是好呢?答案是不確定的!我認為PS的內(nèi)容必須緊緊圍繞就讀的目的、有的放矢。才有可能讓閱卷老師在閱讀你的PS的時候產(chǎn)生“眼前一亮”的感覺。要做到這一點并非容易。而慣于用中文思維的人們更是如此。所以要想寫出好的PS,如何表達是非常重要的。
四、怎么樣開頭
PS的開頭可有多種方式。這里推薦三種常見的方法:
1、介紹背景型
先介紹下自己的學校和專業(yè),然后從自己的人生理想、目標,愛好以及職業(yè)規(guī)劃等引出主題。這樣的開頭比較容易讓閱卷老師很快對你有個大致的了解。因為他沒天要審閱不計其數(shù)的材料,所以他會“一目十行”去掃描的。如果開頭看的順利,再看后面的內(nèi)容就會感到有條理、有道理。
2、開宗明義,直擊“目的”
這也是一種不錯的開頭方法。也可以通過一件事來引出想出國的原因。讓閱卷老師一看就知道你出國的目的。開宗明義、坦誠開篇,也是國外院校的教閱卷老師所喜歡的。
3、先敘述形勢或社會的需求,然后再結(jié)合自己展開
這樣的方法比較容易進入“我為什么要讀這個課程、我為什么要選你們學校、你們學校將會把我拍養(yǎng)成為這么樣的人才.....云云。
總而言之:你的PS是你的!千萬不要去套用什么“模板”或在別人的PS上修修改改,這樣的PS太容易被閱卷老師一眼看透而被Cancell了!
5、最后一點忠告:從你的實際情況看,最好是請專業(yè)的留學機構幫助你,否則很可能會路越走越艱難的。
供你參考、祝你順利!出國留學申請PS怎么寫PS既沒有固定的模式和思路,也沒有標準答案,所以很多人可能有點摸不到頭腦,不知道如何開始。先說三點主體思路吧,
第一,PS要說明自己為什么要申請,尤其是那些跨專業(yè)申請的學生。比如很多學習英語的學生,往往選擇申請美國的第二語言教學這個方向。這時就需要強調(diào)自己在以往已經(jīng)做出了哪些努力,在這努力的過程中有哪些閃光的點點滴滴。告訴人家,你已經(jīng)有了一定的基礎,或者取得了一定的成績,并非一片空白、全憑興趣來申請的,這是PS的思想主線;
第二,PS寫作要注意自己申請專業(yè)、項目的特點和需求,對癥之后再下藥。
第三,PS本身是你自己在介紹自己,可信度是比較關鍵的一點。也就是說,不要一門心思想著如何把自己描述得多優(yōu)秀,要想想老外能夠相信多少,掌握好“度”的問題。更多信息詳見太傻網(wǎng)有誰能提供為出國留學準備的PS(personal statement) 的范本嗎?不管是一流還是二流大學,這些都是基本的!如果是從中介或?qū)W校,可能不需要推薦信,但是personal statement 必寫的!
Personal Statement 是寫給學校的,其中的內(nèi)容就要側(cè)重在學術方面,如大學的學術成就,或大學吸引你的獨到之處,寫出使你選擇該校的內(nèi)在動力,注意盡量要挖掘內(nèi)容的深度,而非廣度,圍繞一兩個主題,深化你的思想;同時要本著與其他人不同的原則,選擇個性化的表達方式,注意不要把自己描繪成“理想”的申請人
下面給你一些資料,給你參考!~
大多數(shù)學校都要求申請人提供二至三封推薦信。有力的推薦是錄取的重要條件之一。推薦信要客觀、公正,切忌流于形式,內(nèi)容空洞,要與申請人的其它材料(如成績單)等相符。推薦信也應注意格式、文法等。推薦信的格式與一般書信基本相同。有信頭、發(fā)信日期、收信人姓名、稱呼、正文、信尾謙稱、簽名、推薦人姓名、職稱及工作單位等部分。但推薦信還應著重以下方面:
1.為了便于校方查閱,必須提到被推薦者的全名。推薦者的身份不重要,當然你要是請院士來寫也不錯,但最關鍵是要說服招生委員會相信推薦人是真正了解被推薦人的。
2.必須交待與被推薦者的認識期間(何時開始認識或認識多久),認識程度(偶爾見面或密切接觸)及關系(師生關系,上下級關系,同事等)。
3.對被推薦者的優(yōu)點介紹及評價,這是推薦信的核心。主要包括被推薦者的天賦,學習成績,研究能力,工作經(jīng)驗,學習精神,組織能力,品行及個性方面。注意說辭應與其他申請材料如成績單、獲獎證書等相呼應,不要出現(xiàn)矛盾而使人誤會。人無完人,所以同時也應提及其缺點,以做到公正客觀。最好通過實例說明。教授們要的不是完人,而只是學生,一個普通但足夠優(yōu)秀的學生。
4.必須表明推薦人的態(tài)度,是極力推薦還是有保留地推薦。
5.最好要求推薦人在信封封口處簽名,以確保其真實性。最好在“是否保留日后審閱推薦信的權利”一欄填“NO”。
6.最后別圖省事,除非對方明文要求與申請一起寄。否則推薦信應分開寄出。
一些學校出于各種原因,設計了推薦表格,由推薦人填寫,但其主要內(nèi)容也和推薦信涉及的相同。
舉例:(僅供參考)!?。?br>-----留學英國申請 :大學教授推薦信-----
October 9 2000
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am pleased to write this letter in recommending my favorite student Mr. xxxx, who graduated from this College in July of 1995, for admission into the graduate program at your university.
I have known Mr. xxxx since 1993, when he enrolled in my course of “Computer Analysis of Structure” and “Civil Engineering English”. In my “Computer Analysis of Structure” course, Mr. xxxx got a very good score of 83/100 and ranked within top 5% of the class. Comparing to other students, Mr. xxxx ‘s eyesight is much wider and he does not limit himself in the construction market of China only. Therefore, he paid a lot attention on English and he is one of the two students who passed the “CET-6” English test in our department in the year of 1994. The “CET-6” English test is the highest-level English test in China for the students whose major is not English. Because of his outstanding performance in college, when he graduated in 1995 Mr. Xxx was chosen by XXXX, the largest construction company in China and also one of the 225 world’s top international contractors, to work in its oversea office of xxxxx City.
As a teacher for more than 30 years, I think that Mr. xxxx is one of my best students. During his study with me in three semesters, I found that Mr. xxxx has very balanced knowledge, he not only has a very strong analysis ability in the science and engineering problems but also has very deep understanding on the social problems. He impressed me with his unique and penetrating ideas in our class speech.
I am very glad when Mr. xxxx told me he would like to pursue advanced studies in construction management. I am sure that he will become a good student in your esteemed university. Should you need any further information about Mr. xxxx, please do not hesitate contact me.
Yours sincerely
Ms. xxxxx
Professor in Civil Engineering Department
xxxxx Architecture College
131# xxxx Road
xxxxxx District
xxxxg City 0000000
P.R.China
舉例:(僅供參考)?。。?br>------留學英國申請 :PERSonAL STATEMENT-----
PERSonAL STATEMENT
Born in 1973 to a peasant family near Beijing, I have overcome many life obstacles to be where I am. Currently I am the xxxxx company's (xxx) deputy contract manager of an international project - a landmark building named xxxxxx - in xxxxx City, xxxxx. The xxxx company is the most famous contractor in china and also one of the top 225 international contractors in the world. At the age of 27, I have worked overseas for more than five years, completed four international projects, and save enough money all by myself to support my further studies in western country. With my extensive experience in the construction field, I am confident that I can be a worthy and valued student to your institution of higher learning.
Looking back on my life, I must first thank my loving father. Without my father's support, encouragement, and guidance, I might not have left my village, not to mention working abroad. My father's dream of entering the university was shattered by the chaotic Cultural Revolution when he was a high school student. From the day that I was born, he hoped that I could fulfill the dream he had of becoming the first university student in our family. However, I was unruly as child. In my first two years of primary school, my school report was horrific. In the third year, my father used his evening time to teach me by himself. I clearly remember during that time I was forced to study up to 11 o'clock every evening and was not allowed to watch TV and movies. When I became sleepy, I was ordered to wash my face with cold water to stay awake. My father's strict discipline awakened my interest to study. I made great progress in half a year, especially in Mathematics, and became the best student in our class. From that time on, my father never worried about my studies. In the following primary and secondary school years, my excellent academic performance had made me a pride for my family and our village.
In the1992 National University Entrance Examinations, I won acceptance into the xxxxxxx Architecture College, one of the nation's leading higher-education institutions of its kind, to major in Civil Engineering. Soon I realized that Civil Engineering is a very practical knowledge and getting a high score in a test does not mean that you will have potential growth in future jobs. I would rather spend my time to learn something that can really improve my quality than spend them to increase my test score a little. based on this idea, I didn't give much attention to class study like in high school. On the contrary, I spend most of my free time on reading and learning English. Thus my GPA in College was not exemplary. Making full use of every minute I had, I read a variety of books and journals, through which I broadened my vision and enriched my knowledge. If you have a chance to check the record that I borrowed books from our college library, I guess I should be the one who borrow more books than anyone other. Among my classmates, I am famous for my broad knowledge and in-depth opinion on the social matter, which, I think, come from the accumulation of my widely reading. Besides reading, my other emphasis in college was English. Along with China becoming more and more open and to adopt more international standards, an engineer with poor English ability can not be called a qualified Engineer. Therefore, I read a lot English novels to increase my vocabulary and listened to VOA and BBC nearly every night. I studied English so hard that sometimes I was misunderstood by my classmates. They thought that even I studied English so hard, I maybe never had a chance to use it in my whole life. Indeed among the thousands civil engineer in China, the opportunity of working abroad is quite rare and competitive. Time has proved that my decision is right. In the CET-6 English Test of January 1995 (CET-6 is the highest level English Test in China), I became one of the two students who passed this test in our college. When I graduated in 1995, I was chosen by xxxx company to work in its oversea office in xxxx City, mainly because I was proficient in English.
Up until now, I have worked in xxxxx City for more than five years. During this period, I have completed building four international projects including the xxxx Power Station, the xxxxx International School, the Polluted Water Treatment Factory of xxxxx EPZ, and the xxxxx Plaza, a high-rise building. Playing a very important role, I have learned the most from the Hong Kong- invested xxxxx Plaza Project by being the main catalyst to jump-start the bidding stage in 1997 to preparing the claim report and final account in 2000. As the deputy manager of contract department of Main Contractor (xxxxx), I employed more than 30 qualified subcontractors and suppliers, negotiated and signed more than 50 subcontracts. The 400-plus-page claim report that I produced with assistance from our Italian consultant helped xxxxx company to obtain an additional 1.2 Million USD. Dealing with various company managers from different countries has been the most challenging professional experience I have had. It is also in the xxxxx Plaza where I first saw just how big the differences are between the management in China and those in the developed countries. I admire Mr. xxxx, the Employer's UK-educated Project Manager. His work ethics helps me to understand the meaning of "professionalism", thus my deep interest in studying abroad in the UK. I realized what China needs the most is not capital or technology, but management, and China's development in the Construction Management in the coming decades will surely mirror the Western country's experiences in the past. If I can receive additional advanced training in a prestigious university such as yours, it will not only greatly enhance my career prospects, but it will also help to improve the management of China's construction industry.
based on the above thinking, my life-long goal in the Civil Industry has changed from being a technology expert to be a professional project manager like Mr. Man. In addition, I also hope to improve my English. In conclusion, I am submitting my application for acceptance into the postgraduate program of MSc in International Construction Project Management of your university.
希望對你有些幫助!