對(duì)于專升本英語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō),動(dòng)詞是最難學(xué)的一個(gè)實(shí)詞類別??v觀歷屆考試命題,有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)容占的比例相當(dāng)大,它常常與時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)境交際等諸方面揉合起來(lái),進(jìn)行綜合測(cè)試。通過(guò)專升本考試試題,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)常考的專升本英語(yǔ)“主打”動(dòng)詞有以下這些:
一. 表示“使/讓······”概念的動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:have, let, make, get, keep, drive, send, leave, force,
cause等.它們后邊分別可跟不定式,分詞,形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ),名詞等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例如:I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. 對(duì)不起,讓你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising. 勝利使得我們情緒高漲。
二. 不定式做賓補(bǔ),不定式符號(hào)可以省略的動(dòng)詞
常見(jiàn)的有: see, watch, hear, observe, feel, notice, listen to, look at等感官動(dòng)詞及表示使役概念的have, let, make等。這類詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),其后不定式符號(hào) to常補(bǔ)出。
例如:We are made to work far into the night. 我們被迫干活到深夜。
注:在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,watch,have,let一般不變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
如: The boy was watched to come out。(誤)
三. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)其后內(nèi)容省略而只保留不定式符號(hào)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:refuse, want, intend, oblige, mean, expect,tell, hope, like, love, plan, try, prefer, wish等。
例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?
-----I didn't mean to.
四. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用:should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略,常見(jiàn)的有:order, demend, suggest, insist, require, advise, decide, propose等。
例如:He ordered that we should do it at once. 他要求我們立即完成這項(xiàng)工作。
He advised we should do more speaking practice in order to improve our English. 他建議我們要想提高英語(yǔ)水平應(yīng)練習(xí)說(shuō)。
英語(yǔ)的真正提升,不是你多背了幾個(gè)單詞或者會(huì)多說(shuō)一句話。所以,想要有質(zhì)的進(jìn)步還要良好的英文閱讀習(xí)慣,雖然開(kāi)始你可能很困難像看天書(shū)一樣,堅(jiān)持一個(gè)月,養(yǎng)成一個(gè)好習(xí)慣,變化就在不知不覺(jué)間。
五. 形式主動(dòng)、意義被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞
常見(jiàn)的有:work, open, close, write, cut, look, teach, operate, run, keep, burn, last等。此類詞的主語(yǔ)常為物。而且還常與表示特征、狀況、行為、方式的副詞well, easily, long等連用。
例如:The clothing sells well.
This kind of fruit can keep long.
六. 充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的行為動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組,其后須帶有表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,V-ing,V-ed)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常見(jiàn)的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。
例如:It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
聽(tīng)起來(lái),象有火車在樓下飛馳而過(guò)。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.
身體好,學(xué)習(xí)好,工作好。
七. 只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有: appreciate, advise, suggest, finish, consider, enjoy, imagine, mind, miss, practise, keep, delay, risk, excuse, resist, avoid, escape, admit, forgive, permit, require, prevent, pardon, allow等。
例如:I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.
我非常欽佩她獻(xiàn)身教育的精神。
Do you mind my asking a question?
我問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題你不介意吧?
八. 既可接現(xiàn)在分詞又可接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有:get, keep, have, leave, find, see, notice, hear等。
例如:He had the lights burning all night long.
Yesday Xiao Ming had his hair cut, I hardly recognized him.
九. 構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)的“短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”
此類動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)中數(shù)量較大。如:
act as 充當(dāng);beleve in 相信;come across 遇見(jiàn);deal with 處理; engage in 從事;blead to 導(dǎo)致;refer to 提到;send for 派人前往; cut in 插嘴;die out 滅絕;set off 出發(fā);warm up 暖和起來(lái);make fun of 取笑;make friends with與······交朋友; set fire on 點(diǎn)火;date back to 追溯到;get along with 與······相處;look forward to 期望;run out of 用光;do away with 廢除。
例如:We must look into the matter immediately.
我們必須馬上調(diào)查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with the times.
老年人應(yīng)向青年人學(xué)習(xí),跟上時(shí)代發(fā)展的步伐。