一般來(lái)說(shuō)得“閱讀理解者得天下”。下面庫(kù)課李老師給考生整理了這幾類(lèi)閱讀理解題型,不會(huì)做的考生直接套公式,一起來(lái)看看吧。

閱讀丟分原因 :

?、賳卧~量不夠,無(wú)法理解文章的全部?jī)?nèi)容;

?、诖痤}無(wú)章法、無(wú)技巧,造成前面耗時(shí)過(guò)多,后面為了追速度,草草閱讀, 出錯(cuò)率高。
閱讀理解四種題型的做題技巧:
一、 主旨大意題:
這類(lèi)題在設(shè)題時(shí)常會(huì)用到 title, subject, main idea, topic, theme 等詞。
1.歸納標(biāo)題題。特點(diǎn):短小精悍,一般多為一個(gè)短語(yǔ);涵蓋性強(qiáng),一般能覆蓋全文意思;精確性強(qiáng),表 達(dá)范圍要恰當(dāng),不能隨意改變語(yǔ)意程度或色彩。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:What’s the best title for the text? The best title for this passage is ___. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
2. 概括大意題。包括尋找段落大意(topic)和文章中心思想(main idea)。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:What is the general/main idea of the passage?Which of the following expresses the main idea?What is the subject discussed in the text? The writer of the story wants to tell us that_____. The passage/ text is mainly about_____. What’s the article mainly about ?
解題技巧:閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說(shuō)明文,這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為:提出問(wèn)題——論述問(wèn) 題——得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀(guān)點(diǎn)。對(duì)于這類(lèi)文章,抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方 法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾。主題句具有簡(jiǎn)潔性、概括性的特點(diǎn)。
二、細(xì)節(jié)理解題:
考查內(nèi)容主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、數(shù)字等議論文中例證細(xì)節(jié)和 定義類(lèi)細(xì)節(jié)。這類(lèi)題目的共同特點(diǎn)是:答案一般都能在文章中找到。
1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題→尋讀法。分為直接理解題和間接理解題,前者常用 who, what, which, when, where, why 和 how 提 問(wèn),或判斷正誤;后者需與原文信息轉(zhuǎn)換,表達(dá)上與原文有差異。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:What can we learn from the passage? All the following are mentioned except Which of the following is mentioned (not mentioned)? Which of the following statements is true/right/false/wrong about…?
2. 排列順序題→首尾定位法(找出第一個(gè)事件和最后一個(gè)事件,用排除法縮小范圍) 常出現(xiàn)在記敘文和說(shuō)明文中,一般按事件發(fā)生的順序。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:Which of the following is the correct order of…? Which of the following shows the path of signals described in Paragraph…?
3. 圖文匹配題→按圖索驥理清線(xiàn)索。設(shè)題形式:給出圖表,根據(jù)圖表提問(wèn)問(wèn)題。
4. 數(shù)字計(jì)算題→(方法:審題→帶著問(wèn)題找細(xì)節(jié)→對(duì)比、分析、計(jì)算) 可直接找到相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié),但需經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算方可找到答案。
三、推理判斷題 :
主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中隱含或深層的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容做出合 乎邏輯的推斷,包括考生對(duì)作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)的理解,態(tài)度的判斷,對(duì)修辭、語(yǔ)氣、隱含意思等 的理解。題干關(guān)鍵詞:infer(match 推斷),indicate(象征,暗示), imply/suggest(暗示), conclude(作出結(jié)論), assume(假定,設(shè)想)。
1.細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題:一般可根據(jù)短文提供的信息或借助生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:It can be inferred/ concluded from the text that __________. The author implies/ suggests that_____. We may infer that _________. Which of the following statements is implied but NOT stated?
2.預(yù)測(cè)推理判斷題:根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇對(duì)文章接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容或可能的結(jié)局進(jìn)行猜測(cè)。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:What do you think will happen if/when…? At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write_____
3.推測(cè)文章來(lái)源或讀者對(duì)象:
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:The passage is probably take out of_____ The passage would most likely be found in_____Where does this text probably come from?
4.寫(xiě)作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題:
詢(xún)問(wèn)寫(xiě)作目的的題。選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是:explain(解釋), prove (證明), persuade(勸說(shuō)), advise(勸告), comment(評(píng)論), praise(贊揚(yáng)), criticize(批評(píng)), entertain(娛樂(lè)), demonstrate(舉例說(shuō)明), argue(辯論), tell(講述), analyze(分析)等。
詢(xún)問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度的題,選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是:neutral(中立的), sympathetic(同情的), satisfied(滿(mǎn)意的), friendly(友好的), enthusiastic(熱情的), subjective(主觀(guān)的), objective(客 觀(guān)的), matter-of-fact(實(shí)事求是的), pessimistic(悲觀(guān)的), optimistic(樂(lè)觀(guān)的), critical(批評(píng)的), doubtful(懷疑的), hostile(敵對(duì)的), indifferent(冷淡的), disappointed(失望的)。
常見(jiàn)命題形式有:
The purpose of the text is_____ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? By mentioning…, the author aims to show that_____ What is the author’s attitude towards…? What is the author’s opinion on…? The author’s tone in this passage is _____.
解答技巧:
推斷題是考查學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面的文字信息進(jìn)行分析、綜合、歸納等邏輯推理的能力。 推理和判斷必須以事實(shí)為依據(jù),切莫主觀(guān)臆斷。
?、倌切┪恼轮兄苯雨愂龅膬?nèi)容不能選,要選擇根據(jù)文章推理出來(lái)的選項(xiàng)。
?、谕评聿皇菓{空猜測(cè),而是立足已知推斷未知;作出正確答案時(shí)一定要在文中找到依 據(jù)或理由。
③要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線(xiàn)索為依據(jù)。不能以自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)代替作者的想法;不要脫離原文主觀(guān)臆斷。